Momwe Mungasungire Dziwe Lanu Losambira: Buku Lathunthu kuchokera ku Daily Care mpaka Kukonza Nyengo
Kukhala ndi dziwe losambira laumwini ndi chitsimikizo chotsitsimula m'chilimwe komanso chisangalalo cha banja, koma madzi aukhondo ndi opanda kanthu samabwera mwachibadwa-kusamalira mwasayansi ndiye maziko osungira dziwe losambira kuti likhale labwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Kaya mukupewa madzi amtambo, kuwonongeka kwa zida, kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti banja lanu likuyenda bwino mukamasambira, kudziwa njira zosamalira bwino ndikofunikira. Nkhaniyi iphwanya masitepe ofunikira pakukonza dziwe losambira, kuyambira pakuwunika tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka pakusamalira nyengo, kukuthandizani kuthana ndi zovuta zosamalira madzi a dziwe.
I. Kukonza Tsiku ndi Tsiku: Mphindi 5 Patsiku Kuti Titeteze Maziko a Ubwino wa Madzi
Chofunikira pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku ndi "kupewa zovuta zazing'ono kuti zisakhale zazikulu." Sizimafuna maopaleshoni ovuta koma zimatha kupewa kuchuluka kwa zovuta zazing'ono. Yang'anani pa miyeso itatu: momwe madzi alili mwachilengedwe, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zida zazikulu, ndikufufuza zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
Choyamba ndi kuyang'ana kowoneka ndi tactile. Tsiku lililonse podutsa padziwe, pindani pansi kuti muwone ngati madzi ali abwino-kutha kuona bwino mipata pakati pa matailosi pansi pa dziwe kapena kukhetsa kumasonyeza madzi abwino. Ngati pali chipwirikiti pang'ono, zonyansa zazing'ono zoyandama pamwamba pamadzi, kapena kumverera koterera mukakhudza khoma la dziwe ndi dzanja lanu, miyeso yanthawi yake imafunika. Nthawi yomweyo, samalani ngati pali madontho amafuta kapena kuchuluka kwa thovu pamwamba pamadzi, zomwe zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi zotsalira zochulukirapo zamankhwala osamalira khungu, thukuta, kapena zotsukira zomwe zikuyenda mudziwe.
Chachiwiri ndikuwunika kosavuta kwa makina osefera. Onetsetsani kuti mpope wamadzi wozungulira ukuyenda bwino, mvetserani ngati phokoso la opaleshoni liri lokhazikika popanda phokoso lachilendo; yang'anani kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa fyuluta. Ngati cholozeracho chili chapamwamba kuposa kuchuluka kwanthawi zonse (nthawi zambiri ndi 0.8-1.2 bar), zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zosefera zitha kutsekeka ndipo ndikofunikira kuchapa msana. Kwa zosefera zoyikidwa pakhoma, zosefera zimatha kugawidwa ndikutsukidwa sabata iliyonse; Zosefera zamchenga kapena zosefera zapadziko lapansi za diatomaceous, zimagwira ntchito molingana ndi kukakamizidwa kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa madzi chifukwa chakulephera kusefera.
Pomaliza, samalani zachitetezo. Yang'anani ngati zitsulo ndi masitepe pafupi ndi dziwe ndi olimba, komanso ngati chowotcha chilili bwino kuti mupewe kukwapula kapena kuphulika. Ngati pakhomo pali ana, onetsetsani kuti loko yotchinga chitetezo ndi yabwinobwino, yomwenso ndi ulalo wofunikira womwe umanyalanyazidwa mosavuta pantchito yokonza.
II. Sabata Lililonse-Chisamaliro Chozama: Malamulo Olondola Okhazikitsira Kukhazikika kwa Ubwino wa Madzi
Kusamalira tsiku ndi tsiku ndiye maziko, ndipo mlungu uliwonse -kusamalira mozama ndikofunika kwambiri kuti madzi asasunthike, ndipo maziko ake ndi "kulinganiza zizindikiro za ubwino wa madzi + kuyeretsa bwino." Izi zimafuna kukonzekera zida zoyambira: zingwe zoyesera zamadzi kapena zowunikira zamagetsi, mapiritsi/ufa wa chlorine, zosinthira pH, mankhwala opha algae, komanso zida zoyeretsera monga maburashi aku dziwe ndi zotsukira.
Kuwongolera kwazizindikiro zamtundu wamadzi ndiye pachimake pachimake, kuyang'ana pazigawo zitatu zazikulu: pH mtengo, chlorine, ndi alkalinity. Phindu la pH limakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu ya bactericidal ya klorini ndi chitonthozo chaumunthu, ndi mtundu woyenera kukhala 7.2-7.8-pansi pa 7.2 udzawononga zipangizo ndikukwiyitsa khungu, pamene pamwamba pa 7.8 ndizovuta kukula kwa algae ndi kusagwira ntchito kwa chlorine. Pambuyo poyesedwa, ngati pH mtengo ndi wotsika, sodium carbonate (soda yophika) ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti isinthe; ngati ili pamwamba, hydrochloric acid kapena pH yochepetsera yapadera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Dziwani kuti muwonjezere timagulu tating'ono kuti musasinthe kwambiri madzi nthawi imodzi.
Zomwe zili mu klorini ndizomwe zimalepheretsa mabakiteriya ndi algae, ndipo klorini yaulere iyenera kusungidwa pa 1-3 ppm (gawo pa milioni). Ngati zomwe zilipo sizikukwanira, zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa powonjezera mapiritsi a chlorine (oyenera kudyetsa zoyandama) kapena ufa wa chlorine (womwe umayenera kusungunuka poyamba kenako n'kuwaza mofanana); ngati klorini wachuluka kwambiri (kupitirira 5 ppm), siyani kuwonjezera klorini, yatsani kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake ndikuyatsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti chlorine iwonongeke. Nayi nsonga: pewani kuwonjezera chlorine masana dzuwa likakhala lamphamvu, popeza kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumathandizira kuwola kwa chlorine; tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita madzulo.
Kuchuluka kwa alkalinity ndi "stabilizer" ya mtengo wa pH, yomwe ili yoyenera kukhala 80-120 ppm. Kuchepa kwa alkalinity kumapangitsa kuti pH ikhale yosavuta kusinthasintha; high alkalinity kungayambitse mitambo madzi ndi sikelo mapangidwe. Sodium bicarbonate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuonjezera alkalinity, kapena zinthu za acidic zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono, komanso kutsatira mfundo ya "zowonjezera zazing'ono komanso pafupipafupi."
Ntchito yoyeretsa iyenera kukhala "yokwanira komanso yopanda malire." Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito ukonde kuchotsa zinthu zoyandama monga masamba akugwa ndi tsitsi pamwamba pa madzi kuti zonyansa zisamire pansi pa dziwe; ndiye gwiritsani ntchito burashi ya dziwe kuti mukolose khoma la dziwe kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, makamaka kulabadira ngodya, mipata, ndi madera ena omwe amakonda kukula kwa algae. Mukatha kuchapa, yatsani makina ozungulira kuti fyulutayo itenge algae ndi dothi. Pazinyalala zomwe zili pansi pa dziwe, chotsukira chotsuka pamanja chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kochepa, komanso chotsukira chotsuka chokha ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu. Pambuyo pakupukuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha gawo lina la madzi a dziwe (pafupifupi 1/5) kuti madziwo akhale abwino.
Kuonjezera apo, zipangizo zothira mulingo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mlungu uliwonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi zabwinobwino-zodyetsa zoyandama ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa mapiritsi a chlorine, ndipo chipangizo chodziwira chokha chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti atsimikizire kuti pali mankhwala okwanira komanso kuti mapaipi asatsekeke, kuti mankhwalawo azitha kuphatikizidwa m'madzi.
III. Kusamalira Nyengo: Kuyankha Kusintha kwa Nyengo Kukulitsa Moyo Wazida
Maiwe osambira amasintha malinga ndi nyengo, makamaka m’nyengo yotentha ndi yamvula komanso m’nyengo yozizira komanso yachisanu. Njira zowunikira zimafunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito akudziwa komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zida chifukwa cha chilengedwe.
Chilimwe ndi nthawi yomwe dziwe losambira limafika pachimake komanso "nthawi yovuta" yokonza. Kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti chlorine iwonongeke komanso kukula kwa ndere, motero kuyezetsa kwa madzi kumafunika kuwonjezeka-kuchokera kamodzi pa sabata kufika kamodzi pa masiku atatu aliwonse, ndipo kloriniyo akhoza kusamalidwa mpaka kufika pa 2-3 ppm. Pambuyo pa mvula yambiri, pH mtengo ndi turbidity ziyenera kuyesedwa panthawi yake. Madzi a mvula amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa klorini ndikusintha momwe madziwo amayendera, kotero pangakhale kofunikira kuwonjezera chlorine ndi pH zosintha. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, fyulutayo iyenera kutsukidwa kamodzi pa sabata kuti iwonetsetse kuti kusefera bwino.
M'dzinja, ndi masamba ogwa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa kusodza ndi kuyeretsa ukonde kumafunika kuonjezedwa kuti masamba akugwa asawole ndi kuipitsa madzi. Pamene kutentha kumatsika, kusambira kwafupipafupi kumachepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa klorini komwe kumawonjezeredwa kumatha kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, koma zofunikira za 0.5-1 ppm ziyenera kusungidwa. Pamene kutentha kwa madzi kuli pansi pa madigiri 20, kukula kwa algae kumachepa, ndipo algaecides akhoza kuyimitsidwa, koma makoma a dziwe ndi pansi ayenera kutsukidwa bwino kuti ateteze ndere zotsalira ku hibernating ndi kukula m'nyengo yozizira.
Chofunika kwambiri pakusamalira nyengo yachisanu ndi "kuletsa-kuzizira + kusunga chinyezi," makamaka m'madera omwe kutentha kumakhala pansi pa madigiri 0 . Choyamba, tsitsani madzi onse mupaipi-mukathimitsa mpope wa madzi, tsegulani mavavu onse, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito makina osindikizira mpweya kuti mutulutse madzi otsala mupaipiyo kuti mupewe kuphulika kwa mapaipi chifukwa cha kukula kwa ayezi. Kenako yeretsani fyulutayo, sinthani zinthu zosefera kapena kuthira tizilombo tosefera mchenga, ziumeni ndikuzisunga momata. Kwa thupi la dziwe, ngati simukukhetsa madzi m'nyengo yozizira, ikani mipira yoyandama pamadzi kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa ayezi pakhoma la dziwe; ngati mukhetsa madzi a dziwe, gwiritsani ntchito wothandizira pakhoma la dziwe kuti muteteze kusweka, ndikuphimba ndi chivundikiro chapadera chopanda madzi ndi fumbi.
IV. Vuto Loyamba Thandizo Loyamba: Kuthetsa Mwamsanga Ubwino wa Madzi ndi Kulephera kwa Zida
Ngakhale ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha tsiku ndi tsiku, mavuto osayembekezereka amatha kuchitika. Kudziwa njira zochizira mwadzidzidzi kungapewe kukulitsa vutoli.
Ngati madziwo asanduka chipwirikiti komanso obiriwira mwadzidzidzi, amayamba chifukwa cha kuphuka kwa ndere kapena kusagwira ntchito kwa chlorine. Dongosolo ladzidzidzi ndi: choyamba onjezani mlingo wa algaecide kuwirikiza kawiri, chisiyeni chiyime kwa maola 2, kenaka kolonani bwino khoma la dziwe ndi pansi ndi burashi ya dziwe, kenaka yikani shock chlorine (3{7}}kuchulukitsa ka 5), zimitsani makina ozungulira ndikusiya madzi a dziwe aime kwa maola 12. Zonyansa zikakhazikika, yeretsani pansi padziwe ndi chotsukira, ndipo pomaliza sinthani 1/3 ya madzi a dziwe ndikusinthanso zizindikiro zamtundu wamadzi.
Ngati pakhoma la dziwe pali sikelo kapena dzimbiri, sikelo imatha kukulungidwa mutagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yochotsera dzimbiri, ndipo mawanga a dzimbiri ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chelating kuti awole ma ayoni achitsulo m'madzi. Dziwani kuti kuvala magolovesi pa ntchito kupewa mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi wothandizira, ndi wothandizira ayenera kusungunuka kwathunthu pamaso ntchito kupewa kuwonongeka kwa matailosi dziwe.
Ngati pampu yamadzi yozungulira sikugwira ntchito, choyamba yang'anani ngati magetsi ali abwinobwino. Ngati pali ulendo wamagetsi, fufuzani ngati wayamba chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira-izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zinthu zosefera zotsekeka zomwe zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpope, motero zosefera ziyenera kuyeretsedwa; ngati magetsi ali abwinobwino koma pampu ilibe yankho, ikhoza kukhala kulephera kwa injini, ndipo akatswiri akuyenera kulumikizidwa kuti akonzere, musamasule nokha.
V. Chidule cha Chidule: Chofunikira pa Kusamalira ndi "Regularity + Precision"
Kukonza dziwe losambira si ntchito yotopetsa, koma ntchito mwadongosolo "ntchito nthawi zonse + malamulo olondola." Mphindi zisanu zoyendera tsiku ndi tsiku, ola limodzi lokhala-mwachisamaliro chakuya mlungu uliwonse, kuphatikizira ndi kukonza kwanyengo, kungathandize kuti madzi a padziwe azikhala oyera komanso owala kwa nthawi yaitali, komanso zipangizo ziziyenda bwino. Kumbukirani, kufunikira kosamalira ndi "kupewa kuli bwino kuposa kuchiza"-kupeza mavuto ang'onoang'ono pasadakhale ndi ntchito yambiri-kupulumutsa ndi kuwononga ndalama kuposa kukonza madzi akawonongeka komanso zida zitawonongeka. Tsatirani kukonzanso kwa sayansi, ndipo dziwe lanu losambira lidzakhala malo otetezeka komanso omasuka a banja.
